Computing Devices II (20th to Date) for SS1

Computing Devices II (20th to Date) for SS1

ENAIC

ENIAC ( Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was the first electronic general-

purpose computer. ENIAC used a word of 10 decimal digits instead of binary digits. It was designed by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert of the University of Pennsylvania, U.S. ENIAC was formally dedicated at the University of Pennsylvania on February 15, 1946 and was heralded as a "Giant Brain" by the press. It had a speed on the order of one thousand (10 3) times faster than that of electro-mechanical machines

Components: By the end of its operation in 1955, ENIAC contained 17,468 vacuum tubes, 7200 crystal diodes, 1500 relays, 70,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors and approximately 5,000,000 hand-soldered joints. It weighed more than 30 short tons was roughly 2.4m × 0.9m × 30m (8 × 3 × 100 feet) in size, occupied 167m 2 (1800 ft 2) and consumed 150 kW of electricity. This power requirement led to the rumor that whenever the computer was switched on, lights in Philadelphia dimmed.

Uses: The addition of two numbers was achieved in 200 microseconds and multiplication in 2,800 microseconds.

EDVAC

EDVAC ( Electronic Discrete V ariable Automatic

C omputer) was one of the earliest

electronic computers. Unlike its predecessor the ENIAC, it was binary rather than decimal, and was a stored program computer. ENIAC inventors John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert proposed the EDVAC's construction in August 1944, and design work for the EDVAC commenced before the ENIAC was fully operational.

Components: The computer had almost 6,000 vacuum tubes and 12,000 diodes, and consumed 56 kW of power. It covered 490 ft² (45.5 m²) of floor space and weighed 7,850 kg. The full complement of operating personnel was thirty people per eight-hour shift.

Uses: EDVAC’s addition time was 864 microseconds and its multiplication time was 2900 microseconds (2.9 milliseconds).

UNIVAC 1

On June 14, 1951 the US Census Bureau officially put into service what it calls the world’s first commercial computer known as UNIVAC 1. UNIVAC stands for Universal Automatic Calculator. It was designed principally by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, the inventors of the ENIAC. Design work was started by their company, Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation, and was completed after the company had been acquired by

Remington Rand

Components: the machine was 25 feet by 50 feet in length, contained 5,600 tubes, 18,000 crystal diodes and 300 relays. Power consumption was about 120 kva. It’s reported processing speed was 0.525 milliseconds for arithmetic function, 2.15 milliseconds for multiplication and 3.9 Milliseconds for division.

Uses : UNIVAC 1 was used for general purpose processing with large amounts of input and output.

DESKTOP PERSONAL COMPUTER

Desktop personal computers (PCs) are small, relatively inexpensive computer that are designed for individual users. Typically, these devices include a monitor, keyboard, mouse, and other peripherals. Desktop personal computer uses a microprocessor technology that enables manufacturers to place an entire central processing unit (CPU) on a single chip.

LAPTOP AND NOTEBOOK COMPUTER

Notebook and laptop computers are portablecomputers that usually feature integral keyboards and monitors.