Basic Computer Operations for SS1

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Basic Computer Operations for SS1

Definition of Booting
In computing, booting (also known as “booting up”) is a bootstrapping (self-starting) process that starts the operating system when the user turns on a computer system. Booting can also be defined as the initial set of operations that the computer performs when power is switched on.

Description of the Booting process
When the computer’s power is first turned on, the CPU (Central Processing Unit) initializes itself to look for the system’s ROM BIOS (Read Only Memory Basic Input Output System) which is the first program that runs every time the computer is turned on. The BIOS performs the Power-On Self-Test (POST), which begins by checking the BIOS chip and then test CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) RAM. If the POST does not detect a battery failure, it then continues to initialize the CPU (Central Processing Unit), checking the hardware devices to ensure they are functioning properly. Once the POST has determined that all components are functioning properly and the CPU has successfully initialized the BIOS looks to the CMOS chip to tell it where to find the Operating System (OS), which on most personal computers (PCs), the OS loads from the C: drive.
Therefore, for a computer to successfully boot, its BIOS , Operating System and Hardware components must all be working properly; failure of any one of these three elements will likely result in a failed boot sequence.

Types of booting
1. Cold booting (Hard booting): This is the process of turning the computer system
ON by pressing the power of the system unit and the monitor.
2. Warm booting (Soft booting): This is the process when the operating system alone is restarted (without being switched off) after a system crash or freeze. On PCs, warm booting is done by pressing the Control, Alt, and Delete keys simultaneously.
Both types of booting clear out (for the time being) the bugs, bombs, memory
conflicts , and other idiosyncrasies (peculiarities) of the operating system.

Difference between Cold Booting and Warm Booting

Cold Warm
1. Use of power-switch is involved in Cold 2.Booting  While Warm Booting It involved short cut keys e.g. (CTRL+ALT+DEL)
3. Cold Booting is done when the system is already off Wille in Warm Booting CPU continuous running
4. CPU stops working in Cold Booting While CPU continuous running in Warm Booting 
5. Memory and BIOS are reset Memory in Cold While Booting and BIOS are not reset in Warm Booting.
6. The computer may not necessarily have program error before it is performed  in Cold Booting While It is necessary when a program encounters an error from which it cannot recover in Warm Booting.

Windows Desktop
Windows desktop is the graphical user interface (GUI) of the Windows Operating System. The desktop is what is displayed when you log in on must operating systems. It provides a platform for the user to interface with or operate the computer by pointing and clicking the mouse button on graphical symbols to send data and instruction to the computer and get out from it.
NOTE: Whenever a program is started in windows it occupies certain space on screen in which it runs. That frame or box is called a window.


Elements of Window Desktop
a. Mouse pointer: The mouse pointer indicates the current position of the mouse
b. Icons: Icons are shortcut to folders, files programs and other items
c. Desktop: The launch pad for application and workspace
d. Task bar: A bar that allows quick access to current or favorite applications.
e. Start menu: Gives quick access to computer settings and computer programs
f. Quick launch Toolbar: The quick launch toolbar is a section of your taskbar near the Start menu where you can add shortcuts to programs. The Quick Launch toolbar always stays visible, even when you have a window open, for easy access to your shortcuts.
g. System tray: The system tray is a notification area on the operating system taskbar.

Running an Application program
To run an application program,
1. Click the start button, the start menu appears.
2. Click on all programs or All apps.
3. Navigate through the various categories or submenus that appear until you fine the program intend to start.
4. Click on the application to start the application

Shutting Down Windows
To shut down Windows and prepare to turn off your machine, do the following
i. Close all your open applications, making sure that any document you’re currently working on are saved.
ii. Select Start > Turn Off Computer.
iii. Click on Turn Off.

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