Femtech Information Technology

Program Development for SS2 Definition of Program A program is a set of instruction that is executed by the CPU. A program can also be defined as an organized list of instructions that, when executed causes the computer to behave in a predetermined manner. Without program the computer is useless. Characteristic of a Good Program The following are characteristics of a good program. Accuracy : Program should be sufficiently accurate to get the desire results. Extensibility : this means that you so design your program that you can add and remove element from your program without disturbing the underling structure of the program. Maintainability : this is making your code easy to update Efficiency : a good program should be designed to use the least amount of primary memory and the fewest devices possible. Generality : Design the program to be generalized and flexible, if possible Portability : a good program can be moved to another environment Simplicity : program logic should be as si

System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) for SS2 Definition and Description System Development Life Cycle 1. System development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model in project management that describes the stages in an information system development project. 2. The system development life cycle can be defined as a project management technique that divides complex projects into smaller, more manageable segments or phases. A system development life cycle has three primary objectives: To ensure that high quality systems are delivered, to provide strong management controls over the projects, and to maximize productivity of the systems staff. Stages of System Development Life Cycle The following are stages of system development life cycle a. Preliminary study b. Feasibility study c. Investigative study d. System analysis e. System design f. Implementation g. Maintenance h. Study review Diagram of System Development Life Cycle Description of each Stage Preliminary study The initial system

Computer Data Conversion for SS2 Data Conversion : Data conversion is the conversion of computer data from one format to another. Registers : Registers are temporary storage areas for instruction or data. It can also be defined as a special, high-speed storage area within the CPU. They are not part of the memory; rather they are special additional storage locations that offer the advantage of speed. Register works under the direction of the control unit to accept, hold and transfer instruction or data and perform arithmetic or logical comparison at high speed. Register are the fastest memory available for use in the PC, because they are hard-wired right into the processor logic. Address: A memory address is an identifier for a memory location, at which a computer program or a hardware device can store data and later receive it. Bus: A bus, in computing, is a set of physical connections (cables, printed circuits, etc.) which can be shared by multiple hardware components in order to comm

Central Processing Unit for SS2 Brief history of the CPU The fourth generation computers started with the invention of Microprocessor. The Microprocessor contains thousands of ICs. Ted Hoff produced the first microprocessor in 1971 for Intel. Definition of the CPU The Central Processing Unit (CPU) also known as the microchip or the microprocessor (or processor for short) is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program. This is the brain or heart of the computer. The main objective of the CPU is to perform mathematical calculations on binary numbers. Most modern CPUs are microprocessors, meaning they are contained on a single integrated circuit (IC) chip. Some computers employ a multi-core processor, which is a single chip containing two or more CPUs called "cores". Components of the Central Processing Unit The central processing unit consists of two parts: 1. Control Units (CU) 2. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) The Contro

Spreadsheets Package for SS2 Definition of Spreadsheet 1. A Spread sheet application is a large sheet having data and information arranged in rows and columns 2. Spreadsheet is application software that tracks, analyzes, and charts numeric information. 3. A spreadsheet is an interactive computer application program for organization, analysis and storage of data in tabular form 4. Spreadsheet is a computer program or software which allows calculation to be carried out on several cells that have numbers Examples of Spreadsheet 1. iWork Numbers – Apple Office Suite 2. Lotus 1-2-3 3. OpenOffice – Calc 4. Lotus Symphony – Spreadsheets 5. Microsoft Excel 6. VisiCalc Application Areas of Spreadsheet 1. Accounting. 2. Statistical calculations. 3. Preparation of student results. 4. Obtaining tax estimation 5. Preparation of daily sales Spreadsheet Terms and Features 1. Absolute Cell Reference : An absolute cell reference is one that does not change when it is copied. To make a cell reference ab

Word Processing for SS2 Definition of Terms Word Processing: Word processing means using the computer to create, edit, and print document. Word processor : A word processor is an electronic device or computer software application, which performs the task of composition, editing, formatting, and printing of documents. Text Document : Text document is something written, printed, or online document that presents data in the form of an articles, letter, memorandum, report, etc. Examples of word processor There are many word processing software packages available today, such as WordStar, MS-word, Corel WordPerfect, WordPad, Notepad, WPS writer, etc Application Areas of Word processing Software i. Offices ii. Publishing iii. Journalism iv. Education v. Article Steps Involved in Loading Microsoft Word There are many ways of loading Microsoft word: a. If the icon of the package is on desktop, double click on it for it to open b. If the icon is not on the desktop, follow the step below: i.

Handling Computer Files for SS2 Basic File Operations Following are some of the basic file operations: 1. Create : To make a new file 2. Delete : To remove a file from disk 3. Retrieve : To find a file and bring it back 4. Copy : To produce file so that it is the same as the original piece of work 5. View : To see the files in a folder 6. Update : A manipulation involving adding, modifying, or deleting data to bring a file up to-date 7. Open : Open a file for editing 8. Close : To exit the edited file. Sequential File Creation There are many ways to organize data in a sequential file. One of such ways is by using BASIC Programming. 1. Choose a DOS file name. A DOS file name is a string consisting of a base name of at most eight characters followed by an optional extension consisting of a period and at most three characters. Blank spaces are not allowed. Some examples of DOS file names are INCOME.86, CUSTOMER.DAT. And FORT500. 2. Choose a number from 1 through 255 to be the reference nu